AI displacement risk across jobs

AI Displacement Risk by Job

Compare 100 jobs by AI risk, salary, and the skills they require. See exactly where your role stands.

Admin & Back Office 92%

Data Entry Clerk

Enters and organizes data into systems. The category most directly exposed to automation.

Avg. $34,000 High AI risk
Support & Success 85%

Call Center Agent

Handles inbound and outbound customer calls to resolve inquiries and issues.

Avg. $38,000 High AI risk
Admin & Back Office 85%

Receptionist

Greets visitors and routes calls, a highly routine role facing heavy automation pressure.

Avg. $36,000 High AI risk
Admin & Back Office 82%

Bookkeeper

Records financial transactions in a role heavily exposed to accounting automation.

Avg. $47,000 High AI risk
Creative 80%

Translator

Converts language to convey meaning. One of the first areas reshaped by AI translation.

Avg. $52,000 High AI risk
Admin & Back Office 80%

Payroll Specialist

Processes employee pay and withholdings, a rules-based role largely handled by payroll automation.

Avg. $52,000 High AI risk
Healthcare 80%

Medical Coder

Translates clinical records into billing codes. Among the most automatable healthcare roles.

Avg. $48,000 High AI risk
Finance & Banking 78%

Bank Teller

Handles in-branch transactions and inquiries, a role increasingly automated by self-service banking.

Avg. $38,000 High AI risk
Support & Success 75%

Customer Support Agent

Handles customer inquiries. Heavily exposed to AI automation.

Avg. $42,000 High AI risk
Admin & Back Office 70%

Accountant / Bookkeeper

Records and manages a company's finances. Routine work automates while judgment work remains — a widening split.

Avg. $60,000 High AI risk
Creative 68%

Writer / Editor

Communicates value through writing. Directly hit by generative AI, yet differentiable through expertise.

Avg. $58,000 High AI risk
IT & Software 68%

IT Support Specialist

Provides technical help and troubleshooting for an organization's users and devices.

Avg. $58,000 High AI risk
Admin & Back Office 68%

Executive Assistant

Supports executives with scheduling and coordination as routine work automates and strategic support grows.

Avg. $68,000 High AI risk
Professional Services 68%

Tax Advisor

Prepares taxes and advises on strategy as filing automates and planning judgment remains.

Avg. $80,000 High AI risk
Sales & Marketing 66%

PPC Specialist

Manages paid search and display campaigns to drive conversions efficiently.

Avg. $65,000 Medium AI risk
Creative 66%

Copywriter

Writes persuasive copy that moves audiences to act.

Avg. $60,000 Medium AI risk
Professional Services 66%

Auditor

Examines financial records for accuracy as automation handles testing and judgment drives sign-off.

Avg. $78,000 Medium AI risk
Professional Services 65%

Paralegal / Legal Assistant

Supports legal work. Document processing automates, while judgment and accountability remain with people.

Avg. $60,000 Medium AI risk
Creative 64%

Illustrator

Creates original visual artwork for editorial, marketing, and product use.

Avg. $55,000 Medium AI risk
Creative 63%

Video Editor

Assembles footage into finished video that tells a clear, engaging story.

Avg. $62,000 Medium AI risk
Sales & Marketing 62%

Content Marketer

Plans and produces content that attracts and converts a target audience.

Avg. $68,000 Medium AI risk
Admin & Back Office 62%

Procurement Specialist

Buys goods and services for an organization as routine ordering automates and strategy remains human.

Avg. $66,000 Medium AI risk
Creative 60%

Graphic Designer

Communicates value through visual expression. Generative AI is reshaping the production process from the ground up.

Avg. $55,000 Medium AI risk
Sales & Marketing 60%

Market Research Analyst

Turns market and consumer data into actionable business insight.

Avg. $67,000 Medium AI risk
Professional Services 60%

Actuary

Models financial risk for insurers as AI automates calculation and judgment sets assumptions.

Avg. $115,000 Medium AI risk
Finance & Banking 60%

Loan Officer

Evaluates and approves loan applications, with AI handling standard underwriting while judgment covers exceptions.

Avg. $65,000 Medium AI risk
IT & Software 58%

Database Administrator

Manages the performance, integrity, and security of database systems.

Avg. $98,000 Medium AI risk
Sales & Marketing 58%

SEO Specialist

Grows organic search traffic by optimizing content and site structure for ranking.

Avg. $63,000 Medium AI risk
Creative 58%

Animator

Brings characters and motion to life for film, games, and media.

Avg. $66,000 Medium AI risk
Admin & Back Office 58%

Office Manager

Runs day-to-day office operations, blending automatable admin with hands-on coordination that stays human.

Avg. $58,000 Medium AI risk
Professional Services 56%

Insurance Agent

Sells and services insurance policies as quoting automates and advisory selling remains human.

Avg. $58,000 Medium AI risk
IT & Software 55%

QA Engineer

Ensures software quality through testing, automation, and defect tracking.

Avg. $92,000 Medium AI risk
Sales & Marketing 55%

Social Media Manager

Builds brand presence and community across social platforms.

Avg. $58,000 Medium AI risk
Education 55%

Tutor

Provides one-on-one academic support. Faces significant automation from AI tutors.

Avg. $40,000 Medium AI risk
Education 55%

Librarian

Manages information resources and helps patrons find them. Faces notable automation of routine tasks.

Avg. $61,000 Medium AI risk
Finance & Banking 55%

Credit Analyst

Assesses borrower creditworthiness, with AI automating scoring while nuanced risk judgment stays human.

Avg. $72,000 Medium AI risk
Logistics & Supply Chain 55%

Warehouse Worker

Moves and processes goods in warehouses, a role facing rising automation pressure.

Avg. $37,000 Medium AI risk
Hospitality & Retail 55%

Retail Sales Associate

Assists customers and processes sales in stores, a role pressured by automation and e-commerce.

Avg. $33,000 Medium AI risk
Support & Success 52%

Technical Support Engineer

Diagnoses and resolves technical product issues for customers.

Avg. $78,000 Medium AI risk
Sales & Marketing 52%

Business Development Representative

Generates and qualifies new sales opportunities at the top of the funnel.

Avg. $56,000 Medium AI risk
Professional Services 50%

Real Estate Agent

Helps clients buy and sell property as AI handles listings and negotiation stays human.

Avg. $62,000 Medium AI risk
Education 50%

Instructional Designer

Designs learning experiences and course content. Faces mixed automation of content creation.

Avg. $74,000 Medium AI risk
Logistics & Supply Chain 50%

Truck Driver

Transports freight over road networks, a role facing gradual automation over time.

Avg. $54,000 Medium AI risk
Logistics & Supply Chain 50%

Logistics Coordinator

Coordinates shipments and logistics operations, with routine tasks increasingly automated.

Avg. $50,000 Medium AI risk
Professional Services 48%

Management Consultant

Advises organizations on strategy and operations as AI augments research and framing stays human.

Avg. $100,000 Medium AI risk
Sales & Marketing 45%

B2B Sales Representative

Proposes products and services to business customers and wins deals. AI settles in as a copilot.

Avg. $72,000 Medium AI risk
IT & Software 45%

Frontend Developer

Builds the user-facing interfaces of web and mobile applications.

Avg. $102,000 Medium AI risk
Support & Success 45%

Community Manager

Builds and nurtures a brand's online community and engagement.

Avg. $62,000 Medium AI risk
Creative 45%

Photographer

Captures and edits images for commercial, editorial, and event needs.

Avg. $48,000 Medium AI risk
Professional Services 45%

Financial Advisor

Guides clients on investments and planning as automation handles allocation and trust stays human.

Avg. $95,000 Medium AI risk
Healthcare 45%

Medical Assistant

Supports clinics with clinical and administrative tasks. Faces moderate automation of admin work.

Avg. $42,000 Medium AI risk
Healthcare 45%

Radiologist

Interprets medical images to guide diagnosis. Faces mixed diagnostic automation.

Avg. $353,000 Medium AI risk
Finance & Banking 45%

Financial Analyst

Turns financial data into forecasts and recommendations, with AI augmenting the analysis while judgment stays human.

Avg. $75,000 Medium AI risk
Admin & Back Office 42%

HR & Recruiting Specialist

Handles people and organizations — hiring, development, evaluation. People-heavy work keeps risk moderate.

Avg. $68,000 Medium AI risk
Creative 42%

UI Designer

Designs intuitive, attractive interfaces for digital products.

Avg. $85,000 Medium AI risk
Sales & Marketing 40%

Digital Marketer

Drives traffic and revenue through digital channels. One of the roles where AI leverage pays off most.

Avg. $72,000 Medium AI risk
Professional Services 40%

Lawyer

Advises and represents clients on legal matters where judgment and accountability resist automation.

Avg. $135,000 Medium AI risk
Healthcare 40%

Pharmacist

Dispenses medications and advises on safe use. Faces mixed automation of routine dispensing.

Avg. $133,000 Medium AI risk
Finance & Banking 40%

Financial Planner

Guides clients toward financial goals, with AI handling projections while relationship and coaching stay human.

Avg. $70,000 Medium AI risk
Hospitality & Retail 40%

Barista

Prepares coffee drinks and serves customers, facing moderate automation of routine tasks.

Avg. $31,000 Medium AI risk
IT & Software 38%

Data Scientist

Extracts insights and builds predictive models from data to guide business decisions.

Avg. $123,000 Medium AI risk
IT & Software 38%

Backend Developer

Builds the server-side logic, APIs, and data layers that power applications.

Avg. $112,000 Medium AI risk
Creative 38%

Fashion Designer

Designs apparel from concept through material, fit, and finished collection.

Avg. $76,000 Medium AI risk
Engineering 38%

Architect

Designs buildings and spaces, with AI generating concepts while creative and regulatory judgment stays human.

Avg. $93,000 Medium AI risk
IT & Software 36%

DevOps Engineer

Automates and maintains the infrastructure and pipelines that ship and run software.

Avg. $125,000 Medium AI risk
IT & Software 35%

Software Engineer

Designs, builds, and operates applications and systems. One of the fastest-changing roles as AI coding assistants go mainstream.

Avg. $110,000 Medium AI risk
Finance & Banking 35%

Investment Banker

Advises companies on capital raising and M&A, with AI speeding analysis while dealmaking stays relationship-driven.

Avg. $135,000 Medium AI risk
Logistics & Supply Chain 35%

Supply Chain Manager

Plans and optimizes end-to-end supply chains, blending analytics with strategic judgment.

Avg. $98,000 Medium AI risk
Sales & Marketing 34%

Account Manager

Owns client relationships and grows revenue within existing accounts.

Avg. $70,000 Medium AI risk
Engineering 34%

Industrial Engineer

Optimizes systems and processes for efficiency, with AI aiding analysis while design judgment stays human.

Avg. $96,000 Medium AI risk
IT & Software 33%

Machine Learning Engineer

Builds and deploys machine learning systems into production at scale.

Avg. $135,000 Low AI risk
Creative 33%

Art Director

Leads the visual direction and creative execution of projects.

Avg. $100,000 Low AI risk
Engineering 33%

Electrical Engineer

Designs electrical and electronic systems, with AI assisting simulation and firmware while judgment stays human.

Avg. $103,000 Low AI risk
Support & Success 32%

Customer Success Manager

Ensures customers achieve value and renew by guiding them post-sale.

Avg. $95,000 Low AI risk
Sales & Marketing 32%

Brand Manager

Shapes and protects a brand's identity, positioning, and market perception.

Avg. $85,000 Low AI risk
Engineering 32%

Mechanical Engineer

Designs mechanical systems and products, with AI assisting simulation and drafting while design judgment stays human.

Avg. $97,000 Low AI risk
Engineering 32%

Chemical Engineer

Designs and optimizes chemical processes, with AI aiding simulation while safety judgment stays human.

Avg. $106,000 Low AI risk
IT & Software 30%

Project Manager

Plans, executes, and manages projects. Heavy on coordination and decisions, so displacement risk is lower.

Avg. $98,000 Low AI risk
IT & Software 30%

Cybersecurity Analyst

Protects systems and data by monitoring, detecting, and responding to security threats.

Avg. $112,000 Low AI risk
IT & Software 30%

Product Manager

Defines product direction and coordinates teams to build what customers need.

Avg. $130,000 Low AI risk
Healthcare 30%

Dietitian

Guides nutrition and dietary care for patients. Largely resilient with some automation of planning.

Avg. $66,000 Low AI risk
Engineering 30%

Civil Engineer

Designs and oversees infrastructure projects, with AI aiding calculations while safety judgment stays human.

Avg. $95,000 Low AI risk
IT & Software 28%

Cloud Architect

Designs and oversees an organization's cloud infrastructure and strategy.

Avg. $150,000 Low AI risk
Hospitality & Retail 25%

Hotel Manager

Oversees hotel operations and staff, a people-centered role that is largely AI-resilient.

Avg. $64,000 Low AI risk
Education 22%

Professor

Teaches and conducts research at the university level. Largely AI-resilient.

Avg. $85,000 Low AI risk
Education 20%

School Teacher

Educates and mentors students in the classroom. Largely AI-resilient.

Avg. $63,000 Low AI risk
Hospitality & Retail 20%

Chef

Creates dishes and runs kitchen operations in a craft-driven, AI-resilient role.

Avg. $56,000 Low AI risk
Skilled Trades 18%

Automotive Mechanic

Diagnoses and repairs vehicles in a hands-on trade that is highly AI-resilient.

Avg. $50,000 Low AI risk
Skilled Trades 16%

Welder

Joins and fabricates metal components in a precise, hands-on, AI-resilient trade.

Avg. $52,000 Low AI risk
Healthcare 15%

Psychologist

Assesses and treats mental health through therapy. Highly AI-resilient.

Avg. $92,000 Low AI risk
Education 15%

School Counselor

Supports students' academic and emotional needs. Highly AI-resilient.

Avg. $61,000 Low AI risk
Skilled Trades 15%

HVAC Technician

Installs and maintains heating and cooling systems in a hands-on, AI-resilient trade.

Avg. $57,000 Low AI risk
Skilled Trades 14%

Carpenter

Builds and installs wooden structures and fixtures in a hands-on, AI-resilient trade.

Avg. $56,000 Low AI risk
Healthcare 12%

Registered Nurse

Delivers hands-on patient care and coordinates treatment. Among the most AI-resilient roles.

Avg. $86,000 Low AI risk
Skilled Trades 12%

Electrician

Installs and maintains electrical systems in a hands-on, highly AI-resilient trade.

Avg. $61,000 Low AI risk
Skilled Trades 11%

Plumber

Installs and repairs piping and fixtures in a physical, AI-resilient trade.

Avg. $60,000 Low AI risk
Healthcare 10%

Physician

Diagnoses and treats patients using clinical expertise. One of the most AI-resilient professions.

Avg. $239,000 Low AI risk
Healthcare 10%

Physical Therapist

Restores movement and function through hands-on therapy. Highly AI-resilient.

Avg. $97,000 Low AI risk
Healthcare 10%

Dentist

Diagnoses and treats oral health with hands-on procedures. Highly AI-resilient.

Avg. $170,000 Low AI risk
Healthcare 8%

Home Health Aide

Provides hands-on daily care in patients' homes. Among the most AI-resilient roles.

Avg. $33,000 Low AI risk